MASTER VOCABULARY NOTES CSS • PMS • UPSC

For CSS / PMS / UPSC vocabulary preparation, you should organize vocabulary according to exam usage, not just dictionary categories. Here is a comprehensive list of categories that cover almost all vocabulary used across essays, precis, comprehension, newspapers, MCQs, and general studies.

1. Essay Vocabulary (Most Important)

Words commonly used in essays and argument building.

  • Cause & Effect Words

  • Comparison Words

  • Contrast Words

  • Opinion Words

  • Argument Words

  • Conclusion Words

  • Transition Words

  • Formal Academic Words

  • Persuasive Vocabulary

Examples:

Moreover
Consequently
Nonetheless
Substantiate
Paradigm

2. Editorial / Newspaper Vocabulary

Words frequently appearing in editorials.

  • Current Affairs Vocabulary

  • Opinion Words

  • Crisis Vocabulary

  • Conflict Vocabulary

  • Diplomacy Vocabulary

  • Policy Vocabulary

Examples:

Escalate
Bilateral
Consensus
Sanctions
Diplomatic

3. Economy & Finance Vocabulary

Very common in essays and current affairs.

  • Banking Terms

  • Inflation Terms

  • Trade Vocabulary

  • Budget Vocabulary

  • Market Vocabulary

Examples:

Fiscal
Recession
Tariff
Austerity
Deficit

4. Politics & Governance Vocabulary

  • Democracy Terms

  • Governance Terms

  • Election Vocabulary

  • Administrative Terms

  • Constitutional Terms

Examples:

Legislation
Bureaucracy
Mandate
Federalism

5. International Relations Vocabulary

  • Foreign Policy Terms

  • War & Peace Terms

  • Global Affairs Vocabulary

  • Strategic Terms

Examples:

Geopolitics
Alliance
Deterrence
Hegemony

6. Social Issues Vocabulary

Very useful for essays.

  • Education Terms

  • Poverty Vocabulary

  • Gender Terms

  • Population Terms

  • Development Terms

Examples:

Marginalized
Empowerment
Literacy
Urbanization

7. Science & Technology Vocabulary

  • AI Terms

  • Internet Vocabulary

  • Environment Technology

  • Innovation Terms

Examples:

Automation
Cybersecurity
Innovation
Biotechnology

8. Environment & Climate Vocabulary

  • Climate Terms

  • Pollution Terms

  • Sustainability Vocabulary

Examples:

Biodiversity
Carbon Emissions
Renewable

9. Law & Judiciary Vocabulary

  • Legal Terms

  • Court Vocabulary

  • Rights Vocabulary

Examples:

Litigation
Jurisdiction
Verdict

10. Ethics / Philosophy Vocabulary

Useful for essays and précis.

Examples:

Virtue
Morality
Integrity
Pragmatism

11. General High Frequency Vocabulary

Words repeatedly appearing in exams.

Examples:

Abate
Amiable
Coherent
Lucid

12. Synonyms Collection

Keep separate.

Example:

Happy

Joyful
Cheerful
Content

13. Antonyms Collection

Example:

Expand ↔ Contract

14. Idioms & Phrases

Examples:

At loggerheads

Burn the midnight oil

15. Phrasal Verbs

Examples:

Bring about

Carry out

16. Pair of Words

Very important for CSS/PMS.

Examples:

Accept / Except

Affect / Effect

17. One Word Substitutions

Examples:

A person who loves mankind

Philanthropist

18. Prefixes / Suffixes / Roots

Examples:

Anti-

Pre-

Bio-

19. Confusing Words

Examples:

Principal / Principle

Stationary / Stationery

20. Precis & Composition Vocabulary

Words for concise writing.

Examples:

Condense
Infer
Summarize

21. Quotes / Expressions Vocabulary

Useful for essays.

Examples:

Catalyst for change

Double-edged sword

22. Emotional & Descriptive Vocabulary

Improves writing quality.

Examples:

Grievance
Resilient
Fragile

Recommended Notebook Structure

SECTION 1 → Newspaper Words

SECTION 2 → Essay Vocabulary

SECTION 3 → Current Affairs Vocabulary

SECTION 4 → Exam Specific Vocabulary

SECTION 5 → Idioms / Phrases / Pairs

SECTION 6 → Revision Pages

If your goal is CSS + PMS + UPSC together, these categories are broad enough to cover almost everything.

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